The Existential Progression of King Lear Essay - 3680 Words

The Existential Progression of King Lear The human condition is the scrutiny of art, Prince Hamlet notes the purpose of art is to hold the mirror against nature. King Lear is a masterful inquiry into the human condition. King Lear is confronted with existence in its barest sense and is forced to adapt to that existence. His adaptation to the absurd provides an invaluable insight for all into the universal problem of existence. Lear is forced into an existential progression that will be traced with the phenomenon of consciousness; the result of this progression is seen ironically in that Lear finds satisfaction in despair. The point of departure of Lear into the unknown of existence is seen when he plunges himself into the†¦show more content†¦Spit, fire. Spout, rain! No rain, wind, thunder, fire are my daughters I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness. I never gave you my kingdom, called you children, You owe me no subscription. Then let fall Your horrible pleasure. Here I stand your slave, A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. But yet I call you servile ministers, That will with two pernicious daughters join Your high-engendered battles ‘gainst a head So old and white as this. O, ho! ‘tis foul. (III, ii,14-24) Lear’s phenomenological progression begins with his fury at nature. Lear’s pre-reflective interior consciousness perceives the storm and its relentless ferocity. The storm rages at Lear regardless of who he is and what has happened to him. â€Å"Rumble thy bellyful. Spit, fire. Spout, rain!† (III, ii,14).This is Lear’s pre-reflective interior consciousness perceiving nature; in Lear’s terms, there is consciousness of the storm. What makes this significant, however, is not that there is consciousness of the storm, but that it serves as a transcendent object in that ‘consciousness of the storm’ serves as the base for ‘consciousness of Lear.’ Lear reflects on his pre-reflective consciousness as an object in his ego, the ideal state of psychic emotions. â€Å"I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness./ I never gave you my kingdom†(III, ii, 16-17) Lear, in reflecting on his interior consciousness contemplates the unive rse; he does not blame it for his daughter’sShow MoreRelated William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pageshere that night. He was with me the night of the murder† (439). While Hightower’s situational ethics ultimately fail to save Joe Christmas from the hands of the racist mob, his intervention on Christmas’ behalf marks a major point on Hightower’s progression toward self-awareness, social engagement, and personal responsibility. What is interesting and relevant about all this to my purpose this evening is the reading material that Faulkner assigns to Hightower. During his long period of escape and

Mestizaje and Its Critics Free Essays

A word of many definitions and implications, mestizaje is usually associated with regions that have a history of Spanish or European colonization. It is an issue that has been concealed, denied, and debated upon in the cultural, social, and political sense in these colonized regions. Common issues related to this ideology are racism, racial discrimination, chauvinism, and the like. We will write a custom essay sample on Mestizaje and Its Critics or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this particular paper, the focus group of such ideology would be more on Latin America and the Afro-population or the black since this group mostly experienced the effects of the consequences of such prejudice.   Ariel Dulitzky’s A Region in Denial: Racial Discrimination and Racism in Latin America talks about Latin America’s refusal to tackle the issue on racism and racial discrimination. It summarizes the kinds of denials that this region executes to find their way out before or when getting into discussions about the issues mentioned earlier. These denials are categorized in three: literal denial, interpretive denial, and justificatory denial. Literal denial, as the name implies, is the rejection of the thought that racism exists.   The government does not acknowledge the presence of â€Å"race†, therefore making the existence of racism null. The second category, interpretive denial has four subcategories. In the first, it is not the color of the skin or the race but the social status of the person/group that is being criticized.   This denial is euphemism.   The next one, legislative, is somewhat related to the first category. It is said that there are no laws made about racial discrimination because there is no need for such for the reason that they don’t segregate the race of people. Some argue that there are very few complaints about discrimination.   Maybe because the public is not aware about laws and sanctions, if there are any, regarding acts of racial discrimination. The third category is denial of responsibility. This is when the government says that discriminating acts, or whatever they may want to call it, are due to old practices or traditions. The last category is called just isolated events. An explanation of this would be to say that these events of racism eventually happened just at this day and at this time. There is the denial that it, racism, happened in the past, therefore there can be no way that they can be called a racist region. The last category would be justificatory denial. From its root word â€Å"justify†, people who do this either rationalize things or point a finger to the victims themselves. People in control indicate that they belong to a mixed race, thus racial segregation does not exist. Despite all these denials, the Convention Against Racism or the â€Å"Convention† pulled some strings to help these regions and the victims acknowledge that racial discrimination really does exist. Luckily, the effort became an eye opener to others. For the first time, debates about racism were done and more groups were created to protect and implement the Convention’s regulations against racial discrimination. Associated with a region’s ability to discriminate is the huge question about that region’s identity. One article that talks about Latin America’s national and cultural identity is that written by Lourdes Martinez-Echazabal. She discusses the different view points of writers of the same nationality, Cubans, to be particular, pertaining to national identity and racial discrimination together with its effects on people’s actions and beliefs. In the given time, 1845-1959, the Afro-population had been identified with anything negative – the poor, the brainless, the filthy, and the barbaric. As a result of this notion, the end to slave trade was once made in an attempt to stop the multiplication of the Afro-population in Latin America since more black people implied an uncivilized and diseased region that would hinder if not stop the social and cultural development of communities in their region. Some writers thought that crossbreeding with people of lighter complexion was a step towards civilization. They were into making reforms with the colonizers. On the contrary, the other group of writers was after the independence of the region. They do this by not looking at the man’s color to judge his/her moral values or legal status. They use this argument of having a national identity, just one color regardless the mixture of race or color of the skin. Interaction and socialization among different races were encouraged in making a better and enlightened society. To be more particular, an article by Charles Hale focused on this region divided into what they call the ladinos and Mayas, ladinos being the ones with the whiter skin and European mix, and the Indians as the Mayas. As narrated in Hale’s publication, the ladinos used to be the superior group in the past decades, and the Mayas being the inferior one. Interaction of ladinos with Mayas is prohibited by the ladino elders. As time passed by, there had been some changes in the political and social set up of Guatamela. There were Maya cultural activists that fight for their cultural rights. Some ladinos changed their perspectives about the Mayas by somehow respecting the latter’s religious belief such as the fiesta of their patron saint for a start. Racism was definitely gearing towards the Mayas, but due to the number in population with the Mayas taking up considerably the higher percentage of the population, the ladinos started to become confused if they really are the reigning race. The people interviewed by Hale were still hesitant, somehow, when asked about the cultural discrimination against the Mayans. Their answers were unsure maybe because there is no certainty on the cultural development of their region. Confused answers to simple cultural questions were provided. Confused people with confused cultural beliefs would definitely result to complications in interest and one confused country. It is amazing how these writers distort ideas and beliefs. From the denial, to the national identity, to the confused region, now, we have another twist of things about mestizaje and cultural and national identity. Saldaà ±a-Portillo’s arguments, still, are about mestizaje and how particular regions react to it. In her publication, mestizaje is promoted as a step towards citizenship, towards establishment of national culture. In the past reviews, it is usually the â€Å"whites† dominating or taking over the â€Å"blacks†. However in this case, it is still true that Indians are viewed as a sign of an uncivilized community, but some things are viewed the differently. Not that these Indians literally taking over the region and the government, but these colonizers, the Spanish and the Europeans, actually being taken over by the Indians in other perspectives. It is about the women colonizers and the Indian men, Spanish not being the first language, and a biological trace in history. Discussion about women having their roles and rights in the community, for the first time, were mentioned and discussed upon for these â€Å"rights† might be at odds with their group’s statute. Ethnic groups were also given right to the land they lived on. Regardless these new points that might unite certain regions, mestizaje would remain to be seen as these regions accept one another regardless the race, the face, or the beliefs. I must admit that racial discrimination, despite all the efforts to avoid and fight it, still exists up to this day. There are similarities in situations in these articles. These readings are mostly about the search and battle for cultural and national identity mostly of people in the Latin American region. The Afro-population or the â€Å"black† as others would commonly label their group, is often, if not mostly deprived of access to property, media, and means of production. I agree when they say that you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. It’s the same with people – don’t judge a person by his color because a person is more than just the color of his skin or the details of his face. There is the spirit. There are the values. Maybe the good thing about classifying people is when they are proud to be of that race not because they are whiter or taller, but because people from their region, their race has done something good and inspiring that effect people of other race or region. It is when that person is proud to be of that race because his people have helped so many deprived others. But how often do these things happen? How often does a person become proud because he has â€Å"Indian† features? This is one proof that racial discrimination has been in existentfor so long that it has been part of our practices and to think and establish such notions. Generalization should be avoided because this starts the heating debate and fight about discrimination. Every human being is different, unique. It just so happened that he/she possesses such features, that he/she was born on that region. Nevertheless, that person is no different from you and me. Mestizaje has affected so many races, if not all of them, that it actually is a part of life, of history, of the lives even of the first people on earth.. It is inevitable because it is human nature socialize, and interact. The good thing about the present is having institutions against racism, acknowledgment of the problem, and awareness that the system applies sanctions to violators because it does not tolerate such prejudice. It is good to know that with these things, we need not be afraid for our children and our children’s children because there are people to protect them and fight for them. However, when can we really say that we, our children, and the coming generations would be free from hatred? From prejudice? From undergoing the inequality we had been experiencing since time immemorial? When? Works Cited Dulitzky, Ariel. A Region in Denial: Racial Discrimination and Racism in Latin America†, Neither Enemies Nor Friends: Latinos, Blacks, Afro-Latinos. Ed. A. Dziedzienyo and S. Oboler. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. pp.39-60. Hale, Charles. â€Å"Travel Warning: Elite Appropriations of Hybridity, Mestizaje, Antiracism, Equality, and Other Progressive-sounding Discourses in High Land Guatamela.† Journal of American Folklore. 112. 445 (Summer 1999): 297-315. Martinez-Echazabal, Lourdes. â€Å"Mestizaje and the Discourse of National/Cultural Identity in Latin America, 1845-1959.† Latin American Perspectives. 100 vols. 25.3 (May 1998). 21-42. Saldaà ±a-Portillo, Josefina. â€Å"Who’s the Indian in Aztlan? Re-Writing Mestizaje, Indianism, and Chicanismo from Lacandon.† The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. Ed. I.Rodriguez. NC: Duke University Press, 2001. pp.402-423. How to cite Mestizaje and Its Critics, Essay examples

Incusion Program For Cerebral Palsy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Incusion Program For Cerebral Palsy. Answer: Case study: Lydia is a happy and joyful four years old kid. She in the youngest of the two siblings and is supposedly moving to Australia. Lydia is a gifted child who is bilingual in nature. Her family speaks two languages at home, English and French. Despite such talents, Lydia suffers from Cerebral Palsy that resulted due to some development setback. Lydias inclusion support officer, who visits her once a week, looks after her. Lydias support officer works in collaboration with educators to help develop newer strategies that can be implemented in classrooms. Lydias family prioritize about her involvement into play experiences that nurture her development in social and cognitive skills., which would in turn help her lead a normal and independent life with friends. The United Nations Convention on Rights for Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) highlights the opinion that inclusion is vital for everyone and the early years of learning framework highlights on the principle 4. the importance of resp ecting the diversity. Henceforth, it is necessary to understand and admire the diversity by overlooking the indifference. In order to install better knowledge to mitigate the situation, Training Modules run by Cerebral Palsy Training Alliance would be beneficial to understand and help Lydia and several others like her, develop their social skills. With working in cooperation with families and supporting professionals, developing an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) would facilitate the progress professionally. Points to be noted while devising a highly standardized inclusion plan to meet the needs of individuals like Lydia. Develop a highly safe, engaging, interactive and linguistically relevant program (Levitt, 2013). Modify and adapt the routines, displays and the room set up as per the needs. Implant learning prospects into activities and schedules. Implementation of unambiguous child directed guidelines. Points that should be taken care of by an instructor while implementing a inclusion plan to retain quality standards. Educational curriculum and practice Child Welfare Environment Personnel Arrangements Rapport with children Cooperation with families and communities (Chiarello et al., 2016) Leadership and service management Financial support In order to deliver eminent service and supportive inclusion programs, funding are important to help the program deliver better results by imparting advanced skills, resources and careers options. In case of Lydia, the funding support came through Inclusion Support Program that was incorporated on July 2016. These programs assist the children in need through customized inclusion advice, support agencies, funding support, advanced equipments. The key elements of these programs are Inclusion agencies Inclusion improvement fund Inclusion improvement fund administrator Inclusion support agencies (ISA) These agencies provide support settings along with practical support from auxiliary precedent groups. This is significant due to the worthiness that these groups help to children with disabilities along with children in need as well. KU Childrens Service is managing this program. About Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is a common motor disorder that affects a persons abilities to move and maintain stability as well as posture. Individuals suffering from cerebral palsy have difficulties in expressing their thoughts and ideas due to short attention span and motor disabilities. Individuals suffering from cerebral palsy use an alternate form of communication through use of gestures, expressions and communication devices. About bilingualism Bilingualism refers to the ability of using multiple languages that helps access to different literary and cultural practices, in turn assisting the familial stability. Bilingualism does not interrupt a childs linguistic development (Hoffmann, 2014). Bilingual abilities help other individuals develop and gather knowledge about the oblivious languages and the family literacy can be implemented into institutional learning. This would in turn help in lingual diversification (Cummins Swain, 2014). References Chiarello, L. A., Palisano, R. J., Maggs, J. M., Orlin, M. N., Almasri, N., Kang, L. J., Chang, H. J. (2016). Family priorities for activity and participation of children and youth with cerebral palsy.Physical therapy,90(9), 1254-1264. Cummins, J., Swain, M. (2014).Bilingualism in education: Aspects of theory, research and practice. Routledge. Hoffmann, C. (2014).Introduction to bilingualism. Routledge. Levitt, S. (2013).Treatment of cerebral palsy and motor delay. John Wiley Sons.

Is Walmart Good For America

With suppliers located in China, Vietnam and Cambodia, Wal-Mart is able to provide consumers with products priced at a far lower rate as compared to their product counterparts from manufacturers based in the U.S.(CBC Documentary, 2009). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Walmart Good For America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation is in part due to the far lower labor cost, material cost and business incentives that production in regions such as Asia brings. What this means for U.S. based consumers is the ability to buy products at a lower rate than they otherwise would have been able to resulting in significant savings over the course of a year (CBC Documentary, 2009). As the world’s largest company and retailer, Wal-Mart has come to be a representation of a distinct shift in the balance of market power wherein retailers instead of manufacturers take a dominant role in today’s econom y (Petrovic Hamilton, N.D.). This is in part due to the effects of globalization wherein the procurement strategies of retailers are no longer limited to a local or regional basis but rather take into account the reality of a global supplier base (Petrovic Hamilton, N.D.). Yet it must be questioned whether such savings actually helps American shoppers and in a larger context it must be asked whether Wal-Mart is truly good for America or is it detrimental towards the development of the American economy? It must be noted that consumer spending is the driving force behind the American economy. People spending money on products keeps a local business functioning which in turn provides jobs in the local economy giving people the ability to spend. In essence it is a cycle of spending that encourages economic growth and stability. When Wal-Mart came into the picture it presented consumers with the ability to purchase products at a far lower cost per product ratio as compared to other shopping centers (CBC Documentary, 2009). Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was done by reducing the pay scale of employees to the bare minimum which as result enabled the company to lower the cost of operations enabling it to lower the price of the products it sold (CBC Documentary, 2009). Their strategy of cutting costs through any means possible in order to keep the price of products low has resulted in local manufacturing jobs to slowly but surely disappear from the landscape of the U.S. (Paruchuri et al., 2009). This of course creates problems for consumer spending resulting in a slowdown of the U.S. economy due to fewer people having jobs. This resulting situation has more people choosing the affordable and cheap products that Wal-Mart provides and as a result this starts a new cycle where instead of continuous economic growth and prosperity there is a slow but s ure deterioration of the U.S. economy (Elliot and Powell, 2003). Is Wal-Mart Good For the World? The procurement strategies employed by Wal-Mart are actually a boon for the economies of several countries. The global outsourcing industry has actually fueled the growth of countries such as China resulting in resurgence and growth in their economies. The jobs that were once based in the U.S. are now in the hands of foreign workers which has fueled and increased consumer spending in their respective economies causing a sudden spike in their growth rates. Within the past 20 years this method of lowering costs has encompassed the global outsourcing industry where products for sale within Wal-Mart are no longer exclusively produced in the U.S. but rather are sourced from multiple international locations. Wal-Mart is not alone in this particular procurement strategy with multiple companies doing the exact same thing however it is due to the size of the superstore with 4,200 locations in the U.S. alone which causes it to have a greater impact on the economy (Palmer et al., 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Walmart Good For America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The reason why Wal-Mart has such a profound influence on both the U.S. and international economies is due to its sheer size and purchasing power which greatly influences the flow of products and services around the world. As such, though the strategies employed by Wal-Mart are in fact detrimental for the growth of the U.S. economy they are in fact rather beneficial towards the growth of several countries in the global economy. Works Cited CBC Documentary. New Age of Walmart. (2009). Retrieved from www.hulu.com/watch/103756/cnbc-originals-the-new-age-of-walmart#s-p1-so-i0 Elliott, Dorinda, and Powell, Bill. â€Å"Walmart Nation.† Time 165.26 (2005): 36-39. Vocational and Career Collection. EBSCO. Web. Paruchur i, Srikanth, Baum, Joel and Potere, David. â€Å"The Wal-Mart Effect:Wave of Destruction or Creative Destruction?.† Economic Geography 85.2 (2009): 209-236. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Petrovic, M. Hamilton, G. Making Global Markets Walmart and its Suppliers. (N.D.). pg. 107 – 141 This essay on Is Walmart Good For America? was written and submitted by user Dayana Frye to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

National and International Contexts Essays - Foreign Relations, Law

National and International Contexts Essays - Foreign Relations, Law National and International Contexts Childhood treated as a social construction raises concerns on the condition of children (elective notes) like early exposure to adult hood, vulnerability to exploitation be it in various forms; and the several demarcations of childhood as determined by policy. For example minimum age of admission to primary education, employment, further education. Therborn (1996) describes situations of collective action to promote change. An example cited is UNICEF. It was established in the after math of world war II as a temporary measure to provide emergency-humanitarian relief. It soon took over permanency to work for children particulars in education as a measure that will ensure elimination of child labour and exploitation. The WHO came up with several programmes to develop children's well being and health. Another observations development of a rights perspective and law for children was through a Child Rights Convention. Collective action lies at heart of policy that aims to promote and safeguard welfare of children. A rights perspective has the advantage of going beyond nation state politics to an international law with a norms and standards approach that treats political environment of children in a more meaningful manner. Knuttson (1997) argues that any development approach which is directed at influencing community change should involve children as active agents of change and "Emancipation". The impact and role of feminism through impact on family care and work affects children and their rights. The state of the World's Children 2007 Report states "Gender Equality and the well being of Children go hand in hand. When women are empowered to live full and productive lives children prosper UNICEF'S experience also shows the opposite. When women are denied equal opportunity within a society children suffer (Ann M Veneman, Executive Director United Nations children Fund, State of World in children 2007- UNICEF 2007.) The International programme on Elimination of Child Labour, (IPEC) is the International Labour Organistion (ILO) response to provide direct assistance to countries to tackle child labour and give teeth to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child made effective in 1989. Today (IPEC) has 30 funders and 86 programme countries.The ILO in it's report "The end of child labour; within reach" released in 2006 says, in 2004 there were 218 million children trapped in child labour of whom 126 million were in hazardous work. However the number of child labourers globally fell by 11% over the last four years, while that of children in hazardous work decreased by 26%. IPEC the campaign instrument against child labour conducted by ILO commenced in 1992 and has made several break throughs in advocacy; tackling the worst forms of child labour; developing a learning culture and mainstreaming child labour within the Decent Work agenda. ILO is also aware of future challenges. Child labour elimination may be mainstreamed into key development and Human Rights frame works like Millennium Development Goals and poverty reduction strategies. (www.ilo.org/declaration) Child labor first emerged as a major public policy issue with the impact of the industrial revolution. Industrialized Countries offered several packages of intervention to overcome presence of child labour like advocacy campaigns; public inquiries; minimum age legislation; education provision for working children. These have been expanded, in modern times and many developing counties have emulated these initiatives. The Elimination of child labour is linked with provision of compulsory, free and accessible education. Without educational opportunities it is likely that children will enter the labour market and take on dangerous and exploitative jobs. The Dakar Forum of 185 countries resolved to provide all children of primary age free schooling of quality by year 2015 and eliminate gender disparities by year 2005. Much remains to be achieved. Although concept of Education for All has not taken off the ground at an international scale, efforts are made with community groups, parents, employers, and government officials to remove children from work voluntarily and enroll them in school. An example is efforts of an NGO(MV foundation) made in India in state of Andrah Pradesh. It enabled 150,000 to be enrolled and retained in schools and more than 4,000 bonded labourers released and of 500 villages under project 168 made free of child labour. These results were achieved through awareness raising and demand for education of children; support for teachers through special training; support parents to provide alternatives to labour of child withdrawn; provide clearing schools to prepare children for formal education. (source: Child Labour a Global concern, www.schoolisthebestplacetowork.org) Some ILO actions against child labour. One of main aims set for ILO at its foundation in 1991 was abolition of child labour . ILO standards were embodied in concept of minimum age for

Professional Ethics Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Ethics - Research Paper Example If he decides to send him to the asylum, then he is snatching away his independence but is reducing risk that the patient can pose to himself and others. Thus, the physician has to face a conflict between what is legal and what is ethical. Personal Values and Professional Ethics †¢ The physician interacting with the patient should be honest and straightforward, and should deal with the patient in a candid fashion. †¢ The patient should also be honest with the physician. †¢ The patient’s consent should be considered before sharing, selling or disclosing his personal information. †¢ The patient’s privacy should be maintained by blocking unauthorized access to his health records and personal data. †¢ Informed Consent is about having the capable patient take part in making decisions about his healthcare and treatment process (Wear, 1992). The patient should be well informed about all the circumstances and his wishes and judgment has to be considered by the practitioner. Ethical Theories and Principles According to Rainbow (2002), â€Å"ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical analysis because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision.† Ethical Principles Beneficence. ... Justice. This principle states that physicians make ethical decisions that are fair to the patient and all those who are involved in the treatment process. The decisions should be made on logical bases. Ethical Theories Deontology. This theory focuses on that physicians should stick to their responsibilities when they are facing a dilemma in making ethical decisions. This will help them to make consistent decisions while adhering to their ethical obligations. Utilitarianism. This theory helps the physician to make choices whose consequences are better for the patient. He will make a decision that will yield greatest benefit to all involved. Rights. This theory respects and protects the rights of people as enforced by the society itself. Casuist. This theory enables the physicians to make decision about an ethical dilemma by comparing it to similar dilemmas and their consequences that might have happened in the past. Virtue. This theory is about judging a person through his values and standards rather than by his actions. Application to My Current Practice My current practice as a health practitioner is providing healthcare to e-consumers. I apply all ethical theories and principles because I aim to provide beneficence to my e-patients with least harm I can inflict upon them. I respect their decisions and stick to my ethical obligations. I strictly follow the Casuist theory whenever I am in some kind of a dilemma. For example, once I had to prescribe a diabetes patient to start insulin injections but I found out that his body was too frail to bear the injections twice a day. So, I referred to previous case histories of my patients to find out a

The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art Essay

The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art" talks about Indonesian Contemporary Art in the context of Compromise of Self and Identity. The aptitude for dialogue and ability to represent energetic reality is allowing the Indonesian contemporary artists to epitomize the most fundamental language. In addition, it has been an observation that any conceptual or artistic expression is always attenuated by a powerful, socio-political-cultural testimony. Perhaps nowhere is this disparity more strikingly seen than the swirling ideas in the exploration of self and identity, which undoubtedly fomented and regenerated repeatedly. Even so, the range of artworks conceived have become the â€Å"in-between† platform and terrain of difference that form their identity. In recent years, the social, political, and cultural reference within the formation of collective idealism has been called into question. The complexity of identity formation has reached a p oint in which so many versions of the self seem plausible. However, many artists offer a conception of both actual and conceptual self in which they coexist within cultural hybridization occurring in Indonesia. In this conception, the defining features of each self are retained and understandable to exist only in relationship to one another, like figure and ground, front stage and back stage as a single undifferentiated system of self and identity. In this regard, Indonesian artists today are capable of holding off. every explicit local or ethnic exercise while constructing new artistic or cultural traditions within their art. In specific, it is that duality of the idea of expression and ability to associate that gives way to opportunities of significant dialogue and powerful presentation of self. Unfortunately, it is observation that Indonesian contemporary art confronts misinterpretation as outsiders do not know the current situation in Indonesia, or that their knowledge on Indone sia is not up-to-date, hence, failing to understand the symbolism, perspective, and scope that the artwork entails. In short, taking consideration of not being present, the artwork becomes insignificant and loses integrity of its history. What one comprehends as the real identity of Indonesian art is in fact comes with various confrontations and misapplications, which eventually become difficult to be handled constructively. Various statements and answers on what message is actually conveyed in the artwork ultimately only succeed to reveal the fact that the art is still being questioned. Thus, one can understand why at certain times, the principals of art in this country are determined to find the ‘true identity’, while threatening all the potential establishment of ‘false identities’. The term ‘contemporary Indonesian art’—or its fractions, ‘art’ or ‘contemporary’, has never been under instant declaration. Ther efore, that term alongside with the awareness in understanding it develops gradually, and has its own contexts within the discourse. Although curator Jim Supangkat was not the pioneer of ‘contemporary art’ during the significant shift in Indonesian art; however, during that time, through his views and in supporting other artists, he was